3/28/2020 0 Comments Alcohol Abuse Essay• • • • Alcohol is a drink containing ethanol It is a lipid that is highly water soluble A psychoactive drug that has a depressant effect. Distribution: Ethanol is distributed equally in all body tissue according to water content. • Metabolism: A healthy body can metabolize 15ml of alcohol/hour • Alcohol is metabolized by the liver but 10% is excreted unchanged in the breath, sweat and the urine Metabolism of alcohol Alcohol Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Acetaldehyde (Toxic) Alcohol Dehydrogenase H2 and Acetic Acid (Nontoxic) Alcohol Abuse • A psychiatric diagnosis describing the recurring use of alcoholic beverages despite its negative consequences. • Also termed as “Alcoholism†• Pattern of drinking that results in harm to one’s health, interpersonal relationships, or ability to work. Cause of Alcohol Abuse • There is no known cause for alcohol abuse. • The reason for alcohol abuse is complex. • A. Psychodynamic Theory • Attitudes and behaviors of the client • Problems • Stress, anxiety, depression • Peer pressure. • B. Biologic Theory • G.enetic predisposition of the client MANIFESTATIONS OF alcohol abuse • Continue to drink, even when health, work, or family are being harmed • Are not able to control drinking — being unable to stop or reduce alcohol intake • Miss work or school, or have a decrease in performance because of drinking • Need to use alcohol on most days to get through the day. Manifestations of alcohol abuse • Do not care about or ignore how they dress or whether they are clean • Try to hide alcohol use • Shake in the morning or after periods when they have not a drink • Poor judgment • Irritable. Complications of alcohol abuse • Elevated liver function test • Alcoholic Hallucinosis • Withdrawal symptoms such as: x Tremors x Sweating x Palpitations x Agitation • Delirium tremens • Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome • Peripheral Neuritis • Gastric ulcers Treatment for ALCOHOL ABUSE • Abstinence from alcohol • Medication treatment such as: • Long-acting Benzodiazepams: tx of alcohol withdrawal • Chlorhexidine (Librium) • Diazepam (Valium) • Lorazepam (Ativan) • Disulfiram (Antabuse) • Naltrexone (ReVia) • Subject to a rehabilitation facility. Nursing Management • Teach the patient the effects of chemical abuse on the body. • In communicating with the patient be in a matter-of-fact and respectful manner. • Maintain a positive, supportive environment. • Build a therapeutic rapport with the patient by providing relief from his or her symptoms and meeting physiologic and safety needs. • Present reality without challenging or escalating the patient’s anxiety and thought disturbances. • Remain objective to the patient and the family. • Closely monitor your patient during your shift to identify subtle changes and intervene appropriately. • Assess mental status and sleep pattern, and provide emotional support to reduce anxiety.
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Oceanography                                        Salt Marshes Salt marshes are coastal wetlands rich in marine life, which are covered by water at least once per month. They are found in the intertidal zones along low-energy coastlines, forming along the margins of estuaries, where freshwater from the land mixes with seawater. These marshes can be found near the Great South Bay and the Long Island Sound. The entire south shore of Long Island is considered to be a salt marsh important to the health of the marine life. Beginning in Jamaica Bay and extending to Montauk Point, Long Islands salt marches help remove toxic chemicals that are caused by pollution, thus making them a vital part of the eco-system. The Salt Marshes contain different types of grasses that grow out of the water and along the water's edge. This grass can be seen when the tide is low and is covered by water when the tide comes in. This grass helps hold the soil together by dispersing any wave energy and creating a breeding ground for many important marine animals. Also, the plants act as a natural filter, removing any chemicals that might be in the seawater. Some of the plants that are found in salt marshes are: Salt Marsh Grass or Spartina Alterniflora and Cord grass as well as reeds, sedges and golden rod. At low tide, nutrient-rich water flows from the marsh back into the sea, feeding the plankton upon which all other life depends. Peat, which is what the march is mostly made of, is very absorbent. In some areas, it limits coastal flooding by containing the water that comes in during a very high or storm-driven tide. Peat also acts as a filter, cleaning water by removing various compounds and either storing or breaking them down. The salt marsh is also an important breeding ground for many species of marine life. These animals use the marsh and its tall grasses for protection from predators. Some of the marine life is: clams, mussels, shrimp, oysters and small fishes such as killies and spearing. Some mammals use the salt marsh also. These animals include: mice, skunks and many, many species of water fowl. These animals use the marsh not only as a home, but as a place to find food as well. There are destructive forces at work against the salt marsh. While a slowly rising sea level has had some effect, the greatest destruction of salt marshes that has taken place is urban and suburban development. Salt Marshes :: essays research papers Oceanography                                        Salt Marshes Salt marshes are coastal wetlands rich in marine life, which are covered by water at least once per month. They are found in the intertidal zones along low-energy coastlines, forming along the margins of estuaries, where freshwater from the land mixes with seawater. These marshes can be found near the Great South Bay and the Long Island Sound. The entire south shore of Long Island is considered to be a salt marsh important to the health of the marine life. Beginning in Jamaica Bay and extending to Montauk Point, Long Islands salt marches help remove toxic chemicals that are caused by pollution, thus making them a vital part of the eco-system. The Salt Marshes contain different types of grasses that grow out of the water and along the water's edge. This grass can be seen when the tide is low and is covered by water when the tide comes in. This grass helps hold the soil together by dispersing any wave energy and creating a breeding ground for many important marine animals. Also, the plants act as a natural filter, removing any chemicals that might be in the seawater. Some of the plants that are found in salt marshes are: Salt Marsh Grass or Spartina Alterniflora and Cord grass as well as reeds, sedges and golden rod. At low tide, nutrient-rich water flows from the marsh back into the sea, feeding the plankton upon which all other life depends. Peat, which is what the march is mostly made of, is very absorbent. In some areas, it limits coastal flooding by containing the water that comes in during a very high or storm-driven tide. Peat also acts as a filter, cleaning water by removing various compounds and either storing or breaking them down. The salt marsh is also an important breeding ground for many species of marine life. These animals use the marsh and its tall grasses for protection from predators. Some of the marine life is: clams, mussels, shrimp, oysters and small fishes such as killies and spearing. Some mammals use the salt marsh also. These animals include: mice, skunks and many, many species of water fowl. These animals use the marsh not only as a home, but as a place to find food as well. There are destructive forces at work against the salt marsh. While a slowly rising sea level has had some effect, the greatest destruction of salt marshes that has taken place is urban and suburban development.
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