3/28/2020 0 Comments Alcohol Abuse Essay• • • • Alcohol is a drink containing ethanol It is a lipid that is highly water soluble A psychoactive drug that has a depressant effect. Distribution: Ethanol is distributed equally in all body tissue according to water content. • Metabolism: A healthy body can metabolize 15ml of alcohol/hour • Alcohol is metabolized by the liver but 10% is excreted unchanged in the breath, sweat and the urine Metabolism of alcohol Alcohol Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Acetaldehyde (Toxic) Alcohol Dehydrogenase H2 and Acetic Acid (Nontoxic) Alcohol Abuse • A psychiatric diagnosis describing the recurring use of alcoholic beverages despite its negative consequences. • Also termed as “Alcoholism†• Pattern of drinking that results in harm to one’s health, interpersonal relationships, or ability to work. Cause of Alcohol Abuse • There is no known cause for alcohol abuse. • The reason for alcohol abuse is complex. • A. Psychodynamic Theory • Attitudes and behaviors of the client • Problems • Stress, anxiety, depression • Peer pressure. • B. Biologic Theory • G.enetic predisposition of the client MANIFESTATIONS OF alcohol abuse • Continue to drink, even when health, work, or family are being harmed • Are not able to control drinking — being unable to stop or reduce alcohol intake • Miss work or school, or have a decrease in performance because of drinking • Need to use alcohol on most days to get through the day. Manifestations of alcohol abuse • Do not care about or ignore how they dress or whether they are clean • Try to hide alcohol use • Shake in the morning or after periods when they have not a drink • Poor judgment • Irritable. Complications of alcohol abuse • Elevated liver function test • Alcoholic Hallucinosis • Withdrawal symptoms such as: x Tremors x Sweating x Palpitations x Agitation • Delirium tremens • Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome • Peripheral Neuritis • Gastric ulcers Treatment for ALCOHOL ABUSE • Abstinence from alcohol • Medication treatment such as: • Long-acting Benzodiazepams: tx of alcohol withdrawal • Chlorhexidine (Librium) • Diazepam (Valium) • Lorazepam (Ativan) • Disulfiram (Antabuse) • Naltrexone (ReVia) • Subject to a rehabilitation facility. Nursing Management • Teach the patient the effects of chemical abuse on the body. • In communicating with the patient be in a matter-of-fact and respectful manner. • Maintain a positive, supportive environment. • Build a therapeutic rapport with the patient by providing relief from his or her symptoms and meeting physiologic and safety needs. • Present reality without challenging or escalating the patient’s anxiety and thought disturbances. • Remain objective to the patient and the family. • Closely monitor your patient during your shift to identify subtle changes and intervene appropriately. • Assess mental status and sleep pattern, and provide emotional support to reduce anxiety.
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